20.1實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容

通過本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要學(xué)習(xí)以下內(nèi)容：

• SPI通信協(xié)議，參考19.2.1東方紅開發(fā)板使用手冊(cè)

• GD32F303 SPI操作方式，參考19.2.2東方紅開發(fā)板使用手冊(cè)

• NAND FLASH基本原理

• SPI NAND介紹

• 使用GD32F303 SPI接口實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY的讀寫操作

20.2實(shí)驗(yàn)原理

20.2.1NAND FLASH基本原理

NAND Flash和NOR Flash都是兩種非易失性存儲(chǔ)器，其讀寫速度、讀寫方式，存儲(chǔ)區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)、成本、容量、擦寫壽命都有很大區(qū)別。NAND在壽命、速度、讀寫方式上都不如NOR，但在成本和容量上有很大區(qū)別，故而決定了大容量數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)是NAND的主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，而快速啟動(dòng)、快速數(shù)據(jù)讀取等場(chǎng)景是NOR的主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。而SPI是目前NAND和NOR的主要通信接口形式，降低了器件體積，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了器件接口。

• NAND Flash結(jié)構(gòu)示例

如上圖所示，以GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY為例，一個(gè)1Gb的存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)下是由1024個(gè)block組成，每個(gè)block又64page組成，每個(gè)page是2K Main Area+Spare Area(ECC ON:64B;ECC OFF:128B)組成。

NAND的擦除單位是blocks，寫入單位是page，所以尋址的方式上和nor是有本質(zhì)區(qū)別的，需要按blocks、page、page字節(jié)偏移地址進(jìn)行一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的尋址。

20.2.2SPI NAND介紹

SPI NAND簡(jiǎn)化了NAND的接口設(shè)計(jì)和尺寸，SPI接口更是降低了主控對(duì)接口的要求，同時(shí)內(nèi)置ECC。下圖是GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY的命令表，常用的命令為擦除、編程、讀取命令。

• block擦除命令

• 編程

• 編程流程

1. 先用數(shù)據(jù)緩存寫入指令將數(shù)據(jù)寫入緩沖區(qū)

2. 然后發(fā)送寫使能命令，并確認(rèn)寫使能成功

3. 然后發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)載入命令執(zhí)行緩沖區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)到FLASH的寫

4. 最后查詢讀寄存器確認(rèn)P_FAIL是否有錯(cuò)，OIP是否完成

注意(84h/C4h/34h) 和(FFh)指令是不會(huì)清除緩存中的內(nèi)容的，所以下次編程時(shí)要注意是否緩存區(qū)都是需要更新的數(shù)據(jù)，所以必須是一次更新整個(gè)緩沖區(qū)，不要部分更新。

編程page地址按照塊的順序

• 數(shù)據(jù)緩存寫入命令

• 數(shù)據(jù)載入命令

• 讀取

• 讀取流程

1. 讀需要先通過讀cache命令從FLASH中讀出數(shù)據(jù)到緩存中

2. 然后通過讀cache指令從緩沖區(qū)中開始讀出數(shù)據(jù)

讀到2048+128后繞回從0開始繼續(xù)。

20.3硬件設(shè)計(jì)

紅楓派開發(fā)板SPI——NAND FLASH的硬件設(shè)計(jì)如下：

從圖中可以看出，本實(shí)驗(yàn)使用的是普通單線SPI，GD5F1GQ5UEYIGY的片選由GD32F303ZET6的PG13控制（因PG14不是SPI的NSS管腳，所以本實(shí)驗(yàn)用主機(jī)NSS軟件模式,，通過普通IO控制片選），GD25Q32ESIGR的SO、SI和SCLK分別和GD32F303ZET6的PB4（SPI2_MISO）、PB5（SPI2_MOSI）以及PB3（SPI2_CLK）相連。

20.4代碼解析

20.4.1SPI初始化和讀寫B(tài)YTE函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)

SPI初始化配置流程可參考19.4.1東方紅開發(fā)板使用手冊(cè)；

SPI讀寫B(tài)YTE函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)可參考19.4.2東方紅開發(fā)板使用手冊(cè)；

20.4.2SPI NAND FLASH BSP驅(qū)動(dòng)層實(shí)現(xiàn)

操作NAND FLASH的函數(shù)都定義在bsp層文件bsp_spi_nand.c中，這個(gè)文件中定義的函數(shù)都是針對(duì)NAND FLASH命令來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，我們選取幾個(gè)函數(shù)進(jìn)行介紹。

• NOR FLASH按block擦除函數(shù)bsp_nandflash_block_erase，輸入block號(hào)即可擦除；該函數(shù)流程是：使能NAND FLASH的寫功能->向NOR FLASH發(fā)送block擦除指令0xD8->發(fā)送左移6位的Block NO->查詢OIP標(biāo)志等待完成

C

/*!

brief erase the nandflash blcok

param[in] block_No:the serial number of erase block

param[out] none

retval SPI_NAND_FAIL: erase the nandflash block fail

retval SPI_NAND_SUCCESS: erase the nandflash block success

*/

uint8_t bsp_spi_nandflash_block_erase(uint32_t block_No)

{

uint8_t result = SPI_NAND_SUCCESS;

block_No<<=6;        //block_No=block_No*64

bsp_spi_nandflash_write_enable();

/* select the flash: chip select low */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();

/* send 'ERASE BLOCK' command */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_BLOCK_ERASE);

/* send the address of memory */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(block_No>>16)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(block_No>>8)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,block_No&0xFF);

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();

while(bsp_spi_nandflash_get_status_flag(OIP)==SPI_NAND_BUSY);

/* check program result */

return result;

}

NOR FLASH按page寫入函數(shù)bsp_nandflash_page_program，輸入待寫入數(shù)據(jù)指針、block號(hào)、page號(hào)；該函數(shù)流程是：

寫緩沖區(qū)，實(shí)現(xiàn)流程：向NOR FLASH發(fā)送寫緩沖區(qū)指令0x02->發(fā)送寫入的page偏移地址->發(fā)送待寫入數(shù)據(jù)

載入數(shù)據(jù)到page，實(shí)現(xiàn)流程：使能NAND FLASH的寫功能->發(fā)送載入命令0x10->發(fā)送寫入的page號(hào)

查詢OIP標(biāo)志等待完成

C

/*!

brief send the program load command,write data to cache

param[in] buffer: the data of array

param[in] address_in_page: the address in nandflash page

param[in] byte_cnt: the number of data

param[out] none

retval none

*/

void bsp_spi_nandflash_program_load(uint8_t *buffer,uint16_t address_in_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)

{

uint32_t i=0;

/* select the flash: chip select low */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();

#ifdef SPI_NANDFLASH

/* send 'PAGE READ' command */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_PAGE_LOAD);

/* send the serial number of page */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(address_in_page>>8)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,address_in_page&0xFF);

#endif

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */

for(i=0;i driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,*buffer++);

}

//printf('cache program %x %xnr',m32record[0],m32record[1]);

bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();

qspi_disable(BOARD_SPI.spi_x);

}

/*!

brief send the program excute command

param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page

param[out] none

retval none

*/

void bsp_spi_nandflash_program_execute(uint32_t page_No)

{

/* enable the write access to the flash */

bsp_spi_nandflash_write_enable();

/* select the flash: chip select low */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();

/* send 'PAGE READ' command */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_PROGRAM_EXEC);

/* send the serial number of page */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>16)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>8)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,page_No&0xFF);

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();

}

/*!

brief write the data to nandflash

param[in] *buffer:the data of array

param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page

param[in] address_in_page: the address of nandflash page

param[in] byte_cnt:the number of data

param[out] none

retval SPI_NAND_FAIL,SPI_NAND_SUCCESS

*/

uint8_t spi_nandflash_write_data(uint8_t *buffer,uint32_t page_No,uint16_t address_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)

{

/*sned the program load command,write data to cache*/

bsp_spi_nandflash_program_load(buffer, address_page, byte_cnt);

/*sned the program excute command*/

bsp_spi_nandflash_program_execute(page_No);

/* Check program result */

while(bsp_spi_nandflash_get_status_flag(OIP)==SPI_NAND_BUSY);

#ifdef WRITE_PAGE_VERIFY_EN

spi_nandflash_read_data (tem_buffer,page_No, address_page, byte_cnt);

if (memcmp(tem_buffer, buffer, byte_cnt) != 0){

return SUCCESS;

}

#endif

return 1;

}

NOR FLASH按page讀取函數(shù)spi_nandflash_read_data，輸入讀取數(shù)據(jù)指針、page號(hào)、page內(nèi)地址偏移、讀取長(zhǎng)度；該函數(shù)流程是：

讀page到緩沖區(qū)，實(shí)現(xiàn)流程：向NOR FLASH發(fā)送寫緩沖區(qū)指令0x13->送要讀取的page號(hào)

等待OIP標(biāo)志（NAND讀取page到緩沖區(qū)完成）

從緩沖區(qū)讀取數(shù)據(jù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)流程：發(fā)送讀cache命令0x03->發(fā)送要讀取的page地址偏移->讀取所需長(zhǎng)度的數(shù)據(jù)

查詢是否有ecc錯(cuò)誤

C

/*!

brief send the read page command

param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page

param[out] none

retval none

*/

void bsp_spi_nandflash_page_read(uint32_t page_No)

{

/* select the flash: chip select low */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();

/* send 'PAGE READ' command */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_PAGE_READ);

/* send the serial number of page */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>16)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(page_No>>8)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,page_No&0xFF);

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();

}

/*!

brief send the read cache command

param[in] buffer: a pointer to the array

param[in] address_in_page: the address in nandflash page

param[in] byte_cnt: the number of data

param[out] none

retval none

*/

void bsp_spi_nandflash_read_cache(uint8_t *buffer,uint16_t address_in_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)

{

uint32_t i=0;

/* select the flash: chip select low */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_low();

#ifdef SPI_NANDFLASH

/* send 'PAGE READ' command */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,SPI_NAND_READ_CACHE);

//driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,DUMMY_BYTE);//Q4UC ++ Q5 --

/* send the address of page */

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,(address_in_page>>8)&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,address_in_page&0xFF);

driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,DUMMY_BYTE);//Q4UC -- Q5 ++

#endif

for(i=0;i *buffer++=driver_spi_master_transmit_receive_byte(&BOARD_SPI,DUMMY_BYTE);

}

/* deselect the flash: chip select high */

bsp_spi_nand_cs_high();

qspi_disable(BOARD_SPI.spi_x);

}

/*!

brief read the data from nandflash

param[in] *buffer:the data of array

param[in] page_No: the serial number of nandflash page

param[in] address_in_page: the address in nandflash page

param[in] byte_cnt:the number of data

param[out] none

retval SPI_NAND_FAIL,SPI_NAND_SUCCESS

*/

uint8_t spi_nandflash_read_data(uint8_t *buffer,uint32_t page_No,uint32_t address_in_page,uint32_t byte_cnt)

{

uint8_t result = SPI_NAND_SUCCESS;

uint8_t status = 0;

uint8_t retrycnt = 0;

/* the capacity of page must be equal or greater than the taotal of address_in_page and byte_cnt */

if((address_in_page+byte_cnt)>SPI_NAND_PAGE_TOTAL_SIZE){

return SPI_NAND_FAIL;

}

ReadRetry:

/* send the read page command */

bsp_spi_nandflash_page_read(page_No);

/* wait for NANDFLASH is ready */

while(bsp_spi_nandflash_get_status_flag(OIP)==SPI_NAND_BUSY);

/* read data from cache */

bsp_spi_nandflash_read_cache(buffer, address_in_page, byte_cnt);

bsp_spi_nandflash_get_feature( STATUS, &status );

if(( (status & ECCS0) == 0 )&&( (status & ECCS1) == ECCS1 )){ //UECC

if(retrycnt < 3)

{

retrycnt++;

printf('rReadretry:%x %xn',retrycnt,page_No);

goto ReadRetry;

}

else

{

printf('rRead Fail %xn',page_No);

}

}

return result;

}

20.4.3main函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)

main函數(shù)中實(shí)現(xiàn)了擦除一個(gè)block，并對(duì)該block中的page進(jìn)行寫入操作，然后讀取后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比校驗(yàn)的功能。

C

/*!

* 說明 main函數(shù)

* 輸入 無

* 輸出 無

* 返回值 無

*/

int main(void)

{

//延時(shí)、共用驅(qū)動(dòng)部分初始化

driver_init();

//初始化LED組和默認(rèn)狀態(tài)

bsp_led_group_init();

bsp_led_on(&LED0);

bsp_led_off(&LED1);

//初始化UART打印

bsp_uart_init(&BOARD_UART);

//初始化SPI

bsp_spi_init(&BOARD_SPI);

//初始化SPI NAND

bsp_spi_nand_init();

printf('nrSPI NAND:GD5F1G configured...nr');

//讀取flash id

flash_id=bsp_spi_nandflash_read_id();

printf('nrThe NAND_ID:0x%Xnr',flash_id);

//比對(duì)flash id是否一致

if(NAND_ID != flash_id)

{

printf('nrnrWrite to tx_buffer:nrnr');

//準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)

for(uint16_t i = 0; i < BUFFER_SIZE; i ++){

tx_buffer[i] = i;

printf('0x%02X ',tx_buffer[i]);

if(15 == i%16)

printf('nr');

}

printf('nrnrRead from rx_buffer:nr');

//擦除要寫入的block

bsp_nandflash_block_erase(0);

//寫入數(shù)據(jù)

bsp_nandflash_page_program((uint8_t*)tx_buffer,0,0,0);

//回讀寫入數(shù)據(jù)

bsp_nandflash_page_read(rx_buffer,0,0);

/* printf rx_buffer value */

for(uint16_t i = 0; i <= 255; i ++){

printf('0x%02X ', rx_buffer[i]);

if(15 == i%16)

printf('nr');

}

//比較回讀和寫入數(shù)據(jù)

if(ERROR == memory_compare(tx_buffer,rx_buffer,BUFFER_SIZE)){

printf('Err:Data Read and Write aren't Matching.nr');

/* spi flash read id fail */

printf('nrSPI nand: Read ID Fail!nr');

//寫入錯(cuò)誤

/* turn off all leds */

bsp_led_on(&LED0);

/* turn off all leds */

bsp_led_on(&LED1);

while(1);

}else{

printf('nrSPI-GD5F1G Test Passed!nr');

}

}else{ //ID讀取錯(cuò)誤

/* spi flash read id fail */

printf('nrSPI Nand:Read ID Fail!nr');

/* turn off all leds */

bsp_led_on(&LED0);

/* turn off all leds */

bsp_led_on(&LED1);